by Nicolai Manalachi, 11º Zi
Escola Secundária de Loulé
Though the volume of water on our planet is globally constant, the availabilities present great asymmetries:
• on geographic distribution, that depends mostly of climatic characteristics;
• on the variation along time for the same place; the quantity of available water isn’t constant because it depends of the annual precipitation distribution.
The asymmetric distribution of water on our planet is a source of conflicts between nations and also creates survival problems for certain populations.
The principles of coexistence, respect to human dignity, solidarity among peoples, the holiness of life forms and an environmental responsibility consecrated in all Political Constitutions and Laws of the region’s countries, in the Common Law as well as in the dispositions stated in Treaties, Covenants and International Declarations ratified by the Sovereign States and social organizations, Ngo’s and the citizenship in safeguarding the humanity’s common heritage and benefit of current and future generations; The principles stated in the following International Law’s instruments:
• The Convention on Hydroelectric Power Projects Development that may affect more than one State (Geneva, 1923), art. 4.
• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), arts. 25 and 30.
• The American Convention on Human Rights.
• The United Nations Chart.
• The International Pact on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights (1967), arts. 5, 11 and 12.
• The United Nations Chart on the States Economic Rights and Duties, arts. 3 and 30.
• The European Water Chart (Strasburg, 1968).
• The Convention on the Prevention of the Contamination of the Seas (London, México, Moscow, 1972).
• International Convention on the Prevention of vessels pollution (London, 1973).
• Mar Del Plata Declaration, UNO’s Conference on Water, 1977.
• Convention on the eradication of all forms of discrimination against women (1979)
• African Chart on Human and Peoples rights (1981).
• United Nations Convention of the Law of the Seas (Geneva, 1982), arts. 192 through 237.
• The World Chart on Nature (1982).
• The San Salvador Protocol (1988), art. 11.
• The Hague’s Declaration on Environment (1989).
• Convention on Children’s rights (1989).
• IWO’s Covenant No. 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Rights, 1989
• Reports on the United Nations International Rights Commission (1st through 6th).
• Helsinki’s guidelines on International Rivers Water Uses.
• The European Community’s Chart on Environmental Rights and Duties (December, 1990).
• United Nations Principles on Elder People, General Assembly’s resolution 46/91, December 16th 1991.
• The Rio de Janeiro Declaration on Environment and Development (1992).
• Agenda 21st, UNO’s conference on environment and development, 1992.
• The principles consecrated in the Stockholm Declaration (1972).
• The Dublin Declaration on Water.
• The Alma Ata Declaration, International Conference on Health’s Primary Attention, 1978
• The Habitat Agenda, the United Nations Conference on Habitat, Istanbul, 1996.
• The Rome’s Declaration on World’s Food Sovereignty, 1996.
• The American Human Rights Convention. The San Jose Pact, Costa Rica, 1969
• General Observation No. 15: The right to water (articles 11th and 12th from the International Pact on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights)
• The General Observation No. 6: The elders economic, social and cultural rights (1992),
• The Declaration of Paris (1998) and the Declarations of Rotterdam (1983) and Amsterdam (1993), the International Water Tribunal’s Declaration; and the conclusions stated at the Conferences of Mar del Plata (1977), New Delhi (1990) and Noordwijk (1994).
Escola Secundária de Loulé
Though the volume of water on our planet is globally constant, the availabilities present great asymmetries:
• on geographic distribution, that depends mostly of climatic characteristics;
• on the variation along time for the same place; the quantity of available water isn’t constant because it depends of the annual precipitation distribution.
The asymmetric distribution of water on our planet is a source of conflicts between nations and also creates survival problems for certain populations.
The principles of coexistence, respect to human dignity, solidarity among peoples, the holiness of life forms and an environmental responsibility consecrated in all Political Constitutions and Laws of the region’s countries, in the Common Law as well as in the dispositions stated in Treaties, Covenants and International Declarations ratified by the Sovereign States and social organizations, Ngo’s and the citizenship in safeguarding the humanity’s common heritage and benefit of current and future generations; The principles stated in the following International Law’s instruments:
• The Convention on Hydroelectric Power Projects Development that may affect more than one State (Geneva, 1923), art. 4.
• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), arts. 25 and 30.
• The American Convention on Human Rights.
• The United Nations Chart.
• The International Pact on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights (1967), arts. 5, 11 and 12.
• The United Nations Chart on the States Economic Rights and Duties, arts. 3 and 30.
• The European Water Chart (Strasburg, 1968).
• The Convention on the Prevention of the Contamination of the Seas (London, México, Moscow, 1972).
• International Convention on the Prevention of vessels pollution (London, 1973).
• Mar Del Plata Declaration, UNO’s Conference on Water, 1977.
• Convention on the eradication of all forms of discrimination against women (1979)
• African Chart on Human and Peoples rights (1981).
• United Nations Convention of the Law of the Seas (Geneva, 1982), arts. 192 through 237.
• The World Chart on Nature (1982).
• The San Salvador Protocol (1988), art. 11.
• The Hague’s Declaration on Environment (1989).
• Convention on Children’s rights (1989).
• IWO’s Covenant No. 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Rights, 1989
• Reports on the United Nations International Rights Commission (1st through 6th).
• Helsinki’s guidelines on International Rivers Water Uses.
• The European Community’s Chart on Environmental Rights and Duties (December, 1990).
• United Nations Principles on Elder People, General Assembly’s resolution 46/91, December 16th 1991.
• The Rio de Janeiro Declaration on Environment and Development (1992).
• Agenda 21st, UNO’s conference on environment and development, 1992.
• The principles consecrated in the Stockholm Declaration (1972).
• The Dublin Declaration on Water.
• The Alma Ata Declaration, International Conference on Health’s Primary Attention, 1978
• The Habitat Agenda, the United Nations Conference on Habitat, Istanbul, 1996.
• The Rome’s Declaration on World’s Food Sovereignty, 1996.
• The American Human Rights Convention. The San Jose Pact, Costa Rica, 1969
• General Observation No. 15: The right to water (articles 11th and 12th from the International Pact on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights)
• The General Observation No. 6: The elders economic, social and cultural rights (1992),
• The Declaration of Paris (1998) and the Declarations of Rotterdam (1983) and Amsterdam (1993), the International Water Tribunal’s Declaration; and the conclusions stated at the Conferences of Mar del Plata (1977), New Delhi (1990) and Noordwijk (1994).
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